In a large skillet, drizzle a small amount of olive oil and heat over medium heat. Once hot, add the finely chopped onion and sauté until it becomes translucent, about 5 minutes.
Add the minced garlic to the skillet and continue to sauté for an additional minute, stirring constantly until it becomes fragrant.
Incorporate the ground beef into the skillet. Cook, breaking it apart with a spatula and stirring occasionally, until it is browned and fully cooked, roughly 7-10 minutes.
Season the beef mixture with cumin, smoked paprika, chili powder, salt, and pepper. Mix thoroughly and allow to cook for an additional 2-3 minutes for the flavors to blend.
Remove the skillet from heat and let the mixture cool slightly. Stir in the shredded cheese and chopped cilantro until everything is evenly combined.
Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper for easy cleanup.
Take one empanada dough disc and place a generous spoonful (1-2 tablespoons) of the beef and cheese mixture in the center.
Carefully fold the dough over to form a half-moon shape, pressing the edges together to seal well. Use the tines of a fork to crimp the edges for both decoration and to prevent the filling from leaking out.
Repeat the filling and sealing process with the remaining dough discs and filling mixture until completed.
Arrange the empanadas on the prepared baking sheet. Brush the tops with the beaten egg to achieve a golden, glossy finish as they bake.
Place them in the preheated oven and bake for 20-25 minutes, or until they are golden brown and crispy.
Once baked, allow the empanadas to cool for a few minutes before serving.